Section comparison

50. Opinion on relationship, when relevant. ––When the Court has to form an opinion as to the relationship of one person to another, the opinion, expressed by conduct, as to the existence of such relationship, of any person who, as a member of the family or otherwise, has special means of knowledge on the subject, is a relevant fact: Provided that such opinion shall not be sufficient to prove a marriage in proceedings under the Indian Divorce Act, 1869 (4 of 1869), or in prosecutions under section 494, 495, 497 or 498 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860). Illustrations (a) The question is, whether A and B, were married. The fact that they were usually received and treated by their friends as husband and wife, is relevant. 1. Ins. by Act 21 of 2000, s. 92 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 17-10-2000). 2. Subs. by Act 10 of 2009, s. 52, for “digital signature” (w.e.f. 27-10-2009). 3. Subs. by s 52, ibid., for “Digital Signature Certificate” (w.e.f. 27-10-2009). 29 (b) The question is, whether A was the legitimate son of B. The fact that A was always treated as such by members of the family, is relevant.

44. Opinion on relationship, when relevant.—When the Court has to form an opinion as to the relationship of one person to another, the opinion, expressed by conduct, as to the existence of such relationship, of any person who, as a member of the family or otherwise, has special means of knowledge on the subject, is a relevant fact: Provided that such opinion shall not be sufficient to prove a marriage in proceedings under the Divorce Act, 1869 (4 of 1869), or in prosecution under sections 82 and 84 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. Illustrations. (a) The question is, whether A and B were married. The fact that they were usually received and treated by their friends as husband and wife, is relevant. (b) The question is, whether A was the legitimate son of B. The fact that A was always treated as such by members of the family, is relevant.