INDIAN EVIDENCE ACT, 1872
BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM, 2023
44. Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or incompetency of Court, may be proved.
38. Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or incompetency of Court, may be proved. Opinions of third persons when relevant
changed or removed in old law
changed or added in new law
Similar wording stays plain; only differences are highlighted.
INDIAN EVIDENCE ACT, 1872
44. Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or incompetency of Court, may be
proved.––Any party to a suit or other proceeding may show that any judgment, order or decree which is
relevant under section 40, 41 or 42, and which has been proved by the adverse party, was delivered by a
Court not competent to deliver it, or was obtained by fraud or collusion.
OPINIONS OF THIRD PERSONS WHEN RELEVANT
Repealed / replaced by BSA India Code — IEA 1872
BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM, 2023
38. Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or incompetency of Court, may be proved.—Any
party to a suit or other proceeding may show that any judgment, order or decree which is relevant under
section 34, 35 or 36, and which has been proved by the adverse party, was delivered by a Court not
competent to deliver it, or was obtained by fraud or collusion.
Opinions of third persons when relevant
Current law India Code — BSA 2023