INDIAN EVIDENCE ACT, 1872
BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM, 2023
159. Refreshing memory. When witness may use copy of document to refresh memory.
162. Refreshing memory.
changed or removed in old law
changed or added in new law
Similar wording stays plain; only differences are highlighted.
INDIAN EVIDENCE ACT, 1872
159. Refreshing memory.–– A witness may, while under examination, refresh his memory by
referring to any writing made by himself at the time of the transaction concerning which he is questioned,
or so soon afterwards that the Court considers it likely that the transaction was at that time fresh in his
memory.
The witness may also refer to any such writing made by any other person, and read by the witness
within the time aforesaid, if when he read it he knew it to be correct.
When witness may use copy of document to refresh memory. –– Whenever a witness may refresh
his memory by reference to any document, he may, with the permission of the Court, refer to a copy of
such document:
Provided the Court be satisfied that there is sufficient reason for the non-production of the original.
An expert may refresh his memory by reference to professional treatises.
Repealed / replaced by BSA India Code — IEA 1872
BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM, 2023
162. Refreshing memory.—(1) A witness may, while under examination, refresh his memory by
referring to any writing made by himself at the time of the transaction concerning which he is questioned,
or so soon afterwards that the Court considers it likely that the transaction was at that time fresh in his
memory:
Provided that the witness may also refer to any such writing made by any other person, and read by
the witness within the time aforesaid, if when he read it, he knew it to be correct.
(2) Whenever a witness may refresh his memory by reference to any document, he may, with the
permission of the Court, refer to a copy of such document:
Provided that the Court be satisfied that there is sufficient reason for the non-production of the
original:
Provided further that an expert may refresh his memory by reference to professional treatises.
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Current law India Code — BSA 2023